Ecology of Fear: Spines, Armor and Noxious Chemicals Deter Predators in Cancer and in Nature
In nature, many multicellular and unicellular organisms use constitutive defenses such as armor, spines, and noxious chemicals to keep predators at bay.These defenses render the prey difficult and/or dangerous to subdue and handle, which confers a strong deterrent for predators.The distinct benefit of this mode of defense is that prey can defend in